Maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia: a hospital based prospective study

Background: The aim was to study maternal and fetal outcomes in pre-eclamptic mothers and to study sociodemographic distribution, severity of preeclampsia.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at Government head quarters hospital, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, for 12 months (October 2019 to September 2020). 108 preeclamptic mothers between 32-39 weeks of gestational age who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were studied consecutively.Results: Among 108 participants, 52.7% were primi, 69.4% belonged to SE class-IV, 45.4% were between 21-25 years, 44.4% were referral cases, 60.1% had BMI >25 kg/m2, 79.6% had late onset preeclampsia, 11.1% had preterm delivery. LSCS rate was 81.5% with most common indication fetal distress 22.7% then oligohydraminos 18.2%. Recurrent preeclampsia among patients with previous childbirth was 48.6%. Maternal complications were 17.6% severe preeclampsia, 13% PPH, 3.7% abruption, 3.7% antepartum eclampsia, 1.9% postpartum eclampsia. 25.9% patients got admitted in maternal ICU. 68.4% of the severe preeclamptic patients were treated with MgSO4 regimen. 6.48% of patients had imminent symptoms. 11.1% neonates had APGAR score 4-6. Neonatal complications 30.5% LBW, 33.3% SGA, 14.8% FGR, 1.9% still birth and 0.9% IUFD. 48.6% neonates were admitted in NICU. There was no maternal mortality in this study.Conclusions: Fetomaternal morbidities of preeclampsia is reduced by emphasising early registration and admission, providing adequate nutrition through existing government schemes, educating women on significance of routine antenatal check up at PHCs with BP monitoring, albuminuria evaluation and clinical evaluation of fundal height at each visit. Screening Doppler and growth scan done for timely intervention.