A study on morphologic and histological pattern of the central nervous system tumors

Background: It has been revealed by International Agency for Research on Cancer that the worldwide incidence rate of CNS tumors in 2002 was 3.7/100,000 population among males and 2.6/100,000 population among females. Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors account for 85% of brain tumors and 15 % of spinal cord tumors, however metastatic tumors are usually extradural. According to the WHO classification tumors of CNS comprise more than 50 clinico-pathological entities. The major categories include the tumors of neuroepithelial tissue, cranial and paraspinal nerves, meninges, sellar region, lymphomas haematopoietic neoplasms, germ cell and metastatic tumors. An understanding of the epidemiology is needed to facilitate prevention, early detection and treatment of CNS tumours.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College Raipur, India from January 2009 to August 2017. The present study was a retrospective study, hence H and E section of every case was re-examined and histopathological reports were reviewed. Sections were stained with H&E. Diagnosis is made according to the WHO classification and diagnostic criteria for CNS neoplasms.Results: CNS tumours occur more frequently in the age group of 41-50 years (57 cases -21.1%) followed by 31-40 years (53 cases -19.7%). The most common entity in the present study were tumours of neuroepithelial tissue 127 cases (47.2%) followed by tumors of meninges 59 cases (22%) and nerve sheath tumours 42 cases (15.6%). The tumors of neuroepithelial tissue comprised mainly of astrocytic tumors 86 cases (32%) followed by embryonal tumors 15 cases (5.6%), ependymal tumors 11 cases (4.1%), oligodendroglial tumors 09 cases (3.3%).Conclusions: Within the scope and limitations of the present study we believe that this effort would help in establishing the grounds for future epidemiologic studies that would, eventually, contribute to give insight into the epidemiology of CNS tumors