Características estructurales que brinda una vivienda construida con muros portantes de hormigón armado: Comparación respecto al método tradicional

Our country Ecuador, located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, in the zone with the highest seismicity on the planet, is interacted by the Nazca plate, generating more than tectonic activity, the volcanic activity and its local fault systems, which makes each region a site of much seismic activity. Specifically in the Portoviejo canton, Manabí province, these natural disasters have caused severe damage to many civil works built and consequently human losses due in some cases to high-magnitude seismic processes and in others to poor engineering practice. One of the most common problems that occurs in traditional construction systems is the lack of rigidity and resistance to lateral load in one and/or two directions, as well as, on some occasions, the low resistance of the structural elements due to gravitational load. required by the small section of columns and/or due to the insufficient support of the foundation. This is why a different model is introduced for both design and construction, in the case of one- and two-story low-income housing, to solve the housing deficit and, above all, to safeguard the lives of those who inhabit them, based on in the use of load-bearing walls built with metal formwork based on forms and the use of solid slabs for the roof, mezzanine and foundation, providing great structural strengths, a topic of interest in this treatise. It is wanted to demonstrate through a comparative analysis the structural characteristics of social housing, between traditional construction systems and load-bearing wall systems built with metal formwork based on forms, for which a synthesis analysis, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics were used, expert criteria, modeling - simulation, for each research task carried out. Keywords: civil engineering, home building, households, bearing walls, traditional method, comparison.Nuestro país Ecuador, localizado en el Cinturón de Fuego del Pacífico, en la zona de más alta sismicidad del planeta, es interactuado por la placa de Nazca, generándose a más de la actividad tectónica, la volcánica y sus sistemas de fallas locales, lo que hace de cada región un lugar de mucha de la actividad sísmica. Específicamente en el cantón Portoviejo, provincia Manabí, estos desastres naturales han causado severos daños en muchas obras civiles construidas y consecuentemente pérdidas humanas debido en algunos casos a procesos sísmicos de altas magnitudes y en otros a la mala práctica ingenieril. Uno de los problemas más comunes que se da en los sistemas constructivos tradicionales es la deficiencia de rigidez y resistencia ante la carga lateral en una y/o dos direcciones, como también en algunas ocasiones, la poca resistencia de los elementos estructurales, ante la carga gravitatoria requerida por la poca sección de columnas y/o ante el insuficiente soporte de la cimentación. Es por esto que se introduce un modelo  diferente tanto para el diseño como para la construcción, para el caso de vivienda de interés social de uno y dos pisos, para solventar el déficit habitacional y sobre todo para salvaguardar la vida de quienes las habitan, basado en la utilización de muros portantes construidos con encofrados metálicos  a base de formaletas  y la utilización de losas macizas para la cubierta, entrepiso y cimentación, brindando grandes fortalezas estructurales, tema de interés  en el presente tratado. Se quiere demostrar mediante un análisis comparativo las características estructurales de la vivienda de interés social, entre sistemas constructivos tradicionales y sistemas de muros portantes construidos con encofrados metálicos a base de formaletas, para lo cual se utilizó un análisis síntesis, la estadística descriptiva, estadística inferencial, criterios de expertos, modelación - simulación, para cada tarea de investigación realizada. Palabras clave: ingeniería civil, construcción de viviendas, vivienda muros portantes, método tradicional, comparación. Abstract Our country Ecuador, located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, in the zone with the highest seismicity on the planet, is interacted by the Nazca plate, generating more than tectonic activity, the volcanic activity and its local fault systems, which makes each region a site of much seismic activity. Specifically in the Portoviejo canton, Manabí province, these natural disasters have caused severe damage to many civil works built and consequently human losses due in some cases to high-magnitude seismic processes and in others to poor engineering practice. One of the most common problems that occurs in traditional construction systems is the lack of rigidity and resistance to lateral load in one and/or two directions, as well as, on some occasions, the low resistance of the structural elements due to gravitational load. required by the small section of columns and/or due to the insufficient support of the foundation. This is why a different model is introduced for both design and construction, in the case of one- and two-story low-income housing, to solve the housing deficit and, above all, to safeguard the lives of those who inhabit them, based on in the use of load-bearing walls built with metal formwork based on forms and the use of solid slabs for the roof, mezzanine and foundation, providing great structural strengths, a topic of interest in this treatise. It is wanted to demonstrate through a comparative analysis the structural characteristics of social housing, between traditional construction systems and load-bearing wall systems built with metal formwork based on forms, for which a synthesis analysis, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics were used, expert criteria, modeling - simulation, for each research task carried out. Keywords: civil engineering, home building, households, bearing walls, traditional method, comparison. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 06 de julio de 2022.Fecha de aceptación: 27 de septiembre de 2022.Fecha de publicación: 14 de octubre de 2022