Impaired maternal emotional availability

Uvod: Prehod v starševstvo je stresno obdobje, ki zajema mešanico pozitivnih in negativnih čustev. Izzivi v duševnem zdravju v obporodnem obdobju so skorajda neizbežni. Ob težavah na duševni ravni lahko pride do okrnjene čustvene razpoložljivosti (ČR) pri materi, kar pomeni, da je mati na znake otrokove stiske manj občutljiva, otroka lahko posledično zanemarja ali je do njega celo agresivna. Psihično stanje matere vpliva tudi na različna področja otrokovega razvoja. Namen: V diplomskem delu želimo predstaviti koncept ČR matere in opozoriti na doživljanje stisk v obporodnem obdobju, identificirati dejavnike, ki vplivajo na kakovost, načine ocenjevanja, ter metode, s katerimi odnos med mamo in otrokom izboljšamo. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna raziskovalna metoda s pregledom literature, najdene prek elektronskih baz Cinahl, Science Direct in PubMed. Potek izbire literature je prikazan v diagramu PRISMA, končno število zadetkov pa je bilo obdelano še s kontrolnimi seznami CASP. Rezultati: Okrnjena ČR se pri materi kaže s spremembo odnosa do okolice in otroka in lahko ima negativne posledice na njegov razvoj. Dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na ČR matere, je mnogo in izhajajo iz celotnega življenja ženske. Za oceno interakcije mati-otrok obstaja več načinov. Najpogosteje uporabljene so lestvice EAS, ki celostno ocenjujejo interakcijo v dvojici. Prek izobraževanja bodočih in novo nastalih staršev o navezanosti in ČR, z učenjem čuječnosti in spodbujanjem ljubečih interakcij bi lahko izboljšali kakovost ČR v odnosu. Vloga babice je, da ženski skozi obporodno obravnavo nudi individualno kontinuirano babiško nego in jo na tak način spremlja, vodi, svetuje in zagovarja. Razprava in zaključek: Prehod v materinstvo je velik izziv, sploh kadar so prisotni dejavniki, ki vplivajo na psihično stanje žensk v že tako ranljivem obdobju. Naloga zdravstvenih delavcev je, da zagotavljajo celostno obravnavo, ki nudi ženskam in njihovim otrokom zdravo in kakovostno življenje. V slovenskem prostoru v prihodnosti spodbujamo več raziskav glede ČR.Introduction: Transitioning into motherhood comes with a rush of mixed emotions. This era challenges the emotional state of a woman, for it is filled with psychological distress and many physical changes. Often it happens that some trouble ocurrs on the mental health of a new mother, which results in her impaired emotional availability (EA) to the baby. Such a state of the mother has consequences on the child\u27s development. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis is to present the concept of emotional availability and draw attention to the hardships women experience during the postpartum period. We intend to identify the factors influencing the quality of maternal emotional availability, present the asessment methods, and ways to improve the quality of mother – child interactions. Methods: A descriptive method was used with a review of electronic databases Cinahl, Science Direct and PubMed. The course of literature selection is shown with the PRISMA diagram, and the final literature was further processed with the CASP checklist. After elimination, 18 scientific and professional articles were used. Results: Impaired maternal emotional availability is manifested by a change in the mother\u27s attitude towards her surroundings and her child, and can have negative consequences for the child\u27s development. There are many factors that influence maternal EA, and they arise from the woman\u27s entire life. There are several ways to assess mother-child interaction. The most commonly used in the research we went trough, are the EAS scales, which holistically assess mother - child interaction. Through educating expectant and new parents about attachment and EA, teaching mindfulness and encouraging loving interactions, the quality of EA in the relationship could be improved. The midwife\u27s role is to provide individualised continuous midwifery care to the woman throughout the antenatal period, thus supporting, guiding, counselling and advocating for her. Discussion and conclusion: The transition to motherhood is challenging, especially when there are factors that affect the psychological state of women in an already vulnerable period. It is the task of health professionals to provide holistic treatment that offers women and their children a healthy and quality life. We encourage more research on EA in the future in the Slovenian context