The period of literary realism as a space for the beginning of feminism based on the examples of female literary characters

U ovom će se završnom radu pokušati prikazati razdoblje književnoga realizma kao prostora začetka feminizma, na primjerima ženskih književnih likova. Odabrane su upravo najpoznatije fatalne žene europske i hrvatske književnosti: Emma Bovary iz romana „Gospođa Bovary“ G. Flauberta, Ana Karenjina iz istoimenoga romana L. N. Tolstoja i Laura G. iz romana A. Kovačića „U registraturi“. Ove predstavnice ženskih književnih likova iz francuskog, ruskog i hrvatskog realizma, prema tipologiji akademika Krešimira Nemeca, dijele se na anđeo u kući, femme fragile i femme fatale. Gospođa Bovary predstavnica je francuskoga književnog realizma i nju se karakterizira kao tranziciju iz anđela u kući u fatalnu ženu. Ana Karenjina predstavnica je ruskog književnog realizma koja je okarakterizirana kao najfatalnija žena u svjetskoj književnoj povijesti. Kovačićeva Laura G. žrtva je svoje kobne sudbine koja ju pretvara u harambašu i ubojicu, možda i najfatalniju ženu u povijesti hrvatske književnosti. Fatalne se žene opisuju kao demonske ljepotice koje se suprotstavljaju tradicionalnome patrijarhalnom načinu života, ugrožavaju vlastiti integritet zbog istinske sreće, svojom inteligencijom i pronicljivošću dolaze do zacrtanih ciljeva, ne stide se svoje seksualnosti i erotičnosti, no za sobom vuku breme sudbine na koju ne mogu same utjecati. Završavaju, u pravilu, kobno jer erupcijom emocija koje sadržavaju mržnju, nezasitnost, pohlepu i ludilo okončavaju svoje živote. Njihova su suprotnost femme fragile, no to je tip žene koju obilježava monotonost, statičnost i bojažljivost, njihov utjecaj na tijek radnje je neznatan. S druge strane, ženski likovi označeni kao femme fatale, upravo su pokretačice radnje, nositeljice zapleta i kreatorice raspleta.In this final paper, an attempt will be made to present the period of literary realism as the beginning of feminism, using the examples of female literary characters. The most famous femme fatales of European and Croatian literature are - Emma Bovary from the novel Mrs. Bovary by G. Flaubert, Anna Karenina from the novel by L. N. Tolstoy and Laura G. by A. Kovačić U registraturi. These representatives of female literary characters from French, Russian and Croatian realism, according to the typology of academician Krešimir Nemec, are divided in: angel in the house, femme fragile and femme fatale. Mrs. Bovary is a representative of French literary realism and we characterize her as a transition from an angel in the house to a femme fatale. Anna Karenina is a representative of Russian literary realism, characterized as the most fatal woman in world literary history. Kovačić's Laura G. is a victim of her fatal fate, which turns her into a charlatan and a murderer, perhaps she is the most fatal woman in the history of Croatian literature. Fatal women are described as demonic beauties who oppose the traditional patriarchal way of life, endanger their own integrity for the sake of true happiness, reach their goals with their intelligence and insight, are not ashamed of their sexuality and eroticism, but carry the burden of a fate that they cannot handle alone. As a rule, they end fatally because they end their lives with an eruption of emotions containing hatred, gluttony, greed and madness. They are the opposite of femme fragile,this is the type of woman characterized by monotony, static and timidity, their influence on the course of the plot is insignificant. On the other hand, the female characters designated as femme fatale are the initiators of the action, the bearers of the plot and the creators of the outcome