Update of therapies in metastatic urothelial carcinoma

The prognosis of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) is poor, with a median overall survival of about 14 months. Platinum-based chemotherapy has been standard for first-line treatment of mUC for a long time, but there is still no predictive biomarker to help guide treatment and select patients most likely to derive benefit from these regimen. Recent advances in immunotherapy has changed the landscape of mUC, with significant improvement in overall survival among responsible patients. Moreover, the advent of next-generation sequencing has resulted in both an improved understanding of the fundamental genetic changes that characterize mUC and identification of several potential biomarkers and therapies. Within this review, we summarized these emerging novel immunotherapy and targeted therapy, which may improve or have improved the outcomes of mUC