In Vitro Induce Mutation of Banana cv. Tanduk and Early Detection of Shoots Variant Resistances to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense

Pisang Tanduk (AAB) is a cooking type with fruit characteristics that has long self life but produces a small number of bunch. The objective of this study was to induce mutation of Pisang Tanduk, and  identify in vitro variants that resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense (Foc). The explants of Pisang Tanduk was grown in Murashige and Skoog's media with the addition of 6.5 mg L-1 BAP, 1.175 mg L-1 IAA, and 0.22 mg L-1 TDZ for three months.  The banana shoots were then irradiated with gamma ray at 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 Gy (Co60). The results of the experiment using CurveExpert 1.4 showed that a reduction in the growth of in vitro shoots of Pisang Tanduk of 20-50% (LD20-50) is in the range of 30.64 - 68.66 Gy.  After proliferation and multiplication for six months showed that  the highest number of in vitro shoots and leaves was made by unirradiated (0 Gy), and the the highest number of meristem nodules was made by 40 Gy irradiation. The screening of in vitro shoot variants against Foc was carried out through in vitro dual culture techniques. This experiment indicated that most of the variants tested were susceptible to Foc infection. The variant that were identified as mildly resistant to Foc were regenerated from 30 Gy gamma irradiation. Keywords: Cooking banana, gamma irradiation, lethal dose, dual culture  Pisang Tanduk (AAB) merupakan jenis pisang olahan dengan ciri-ciri buah yang tidak cepat busuk, namun menghasilkan jumlah sisir relatif sedikit.  Tujuan penelitian  untuk menginduksi mutasi pisang Tanduk dan mengidentifikasi klon pisang yang resisten terhadap infeksi Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense (Foc). Pisang Tanduk ditanam pada media MS dengan penambahan 6.5 mg L-1 BAP, 1.175 mg L-1 IAA, dan 0.22 mg L-1 TDZ selama tiga bulan. Biakan tunas pisang kemudian di iradiasi gamma pada 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, dan 60 Gy (Co60). Hasil analisis dengan CurveExpert 1.4 diketahui bahwa reduksi pertumbuhan tunas pisang sebesar 20-50% (LD20-50) berada pada kisaran 30.64-68.66 Gy.  Hasil multiplikasi tunas setelah 6 bulan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah tunas dan daun terbanyak dihasilkan oleh eksplan yang tidak di iradiasi (0 Gy) dan jumlah nodul meristem dan tunas terendah dihasilkan oleh eksplan hasil iradiasi gamma 60 Gy.  Skrining awal ketahanan tunas varian melalui teknik kultur ganda secara in vitro menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar varian bersifat rentan terhadap cendawan Foc. Tunas varian pisang putatif agak tahan terhadap Foc berasal dari hasil iradiasi gamma 30 Gy. Kata kunci:  dosis letal, iradiasi gamma, kultur ganda, pisang olahan. &nbsp