Soliton waveguides in photorefractive crystals

The spatial solitons can create reversible or irreversible single-mode waveguides in the propagating mateials. The importent features ere the 3D orientation end graded index profile matched to the laser fuadamental mode. Bright spatial solitons are theoretically demonstrated and expaimeitally observed in the propagation of laser beams in widely available faotorefractive crystals such as Bi12 SiO20 (BSO) and LiNbO3 (LN). We show the first observation of waveguiding by screening-photovoltaic bright solitons in LN and the low absorption and dispersion of the corresponding light produced waveguides (with femtosecond laser pulses). Applications in high coupling efficiency, adaptive optical interconnections and photonics crystal production are possible