Tests for the evaluation of depression in the elderly: A systematic review

The incidence of depression in the elderly has risen in recent years, with 30% of people over the age of 65 now reported to suffer from mood disorders. There are a number of possible causes for this increase; moreover, as the symptoms of depression in the elderly are often difficult to identify and interpret, a diagnosis of depression in the elderly may be difficult to make, particularly when other concomitant pathologies mask the signs and symptoms of this disease. There is thus a need to standardize the various self-rating and hetero-evaluation scales used to differentiate between normal and depressed subjects. These tools are designed to investigate and evaluate the various components of depression in depth. They are essential for the diagnosis and therapy in patients who suffer from mood disorders, though it should be borne in mind that these tests need to be preceded and confirmed by a thorough psychiatric examination. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved