IRON DEFICIENCY IN WOMEN WITH EARLY PREGNANCY LOSS AND ITS CORRECTION

Objective: To determine the frequency of iron deficiency in the pre-pregnancy period in Moscow residents with the previous history of early pregnancy losses. Materials and methods: The study included 98 women of reproductive age (18-39 years old) who presented to the clinic with the history of early pregnancy loss. A retrospective study was performed during six months in 2019- 2020 at a multidisciplinary clinic in Moscow, Russia. The patients were evaluated for hemoglobin, serum iron and ferritin. Results: The histories of 42 (42.85%) women with early pregnancy losses showed iron deficiency (according to the criteria of the WHO – ferritin 15 mcg/ml or less) and 32 (32.7%) patients had iron deficiency anemia (IDA), i.e. 2/3 of women, namely 75 (75.5%), planned their pregnancy without any iron stores in the body. The medication Ferretab comp. was chosen as an iron supplement. This medication contains 50 mg of elemental iron (152 mg of ferrous fumarate) and 500 mcg of folic acid. During three months, all women who had preconception care took one capsule a day with increased dose of ferritin to 30 mcg/ml or more; no side effects were reported. Two capsules of Ferretab comp. were taken in the morning by 41 women; 2/3 of them demonstrated the restored level of hemoglobin within 4–5 weeks, all the rest women had it within 8–9 weeks. One woman did not have any effect from taking the medication Ferretab comp.; a thorough examination revealed gastritis and colitis, and appropriate therapy was prescribed. All patients became pregnant, four of them (4.08%) had pregnancy following assisted reproductive technologies. The level of ferritin during pregnancy was not assessed, IDA was detected in four cases (4.1%). These pregnant women had bloody vaginal discharge (threatened miscarriage, placenta previa). Conclusion: Iron deficiency and IDA are common in patients with a history of early pregnancy loss. In order to restore the level of the microelement in the organism of a woman before the onset of pregnancy, it is necessary to determine the level of ferritin and hemoglobin. Ferretab comp. is a medication containing 50 mg of iron (iron fumarate) and 500 mcg of folic acid; it is released during the passage of the gastrointestinal tract, it has a minimal number of side effects, and effectively replenishes iron stores. © A group of authors, 2022