Diversification of frogs (Anura) lineages of riparian species at Western Sarawak (Genus: Limnonectes)

Limnonectes species are diverse species across riparian habitat. There can be officially found fifteen Limnonectes species in borneo. In this study, phylogenetic study used to understand the evolution of this species in riparian habitat by studying the history of the species.The aim of this study was to elucidate the diversification of frogs (Anura: Limnonectes) lineages of riparian species in western Sarawak by constructing the phylogenetic relationship using cytochrome b genes of twelve samples of eight Limnonectes species. The method used was DNA extraction using CTAB protocol, PCR and constructing phylogenetic analysis using MEGA software (Kumar et al., 2011). Limnonectes ingeri, kong, hikidai, ibanorum, leporinus, palavanens have close relationships with each other due to their similar habitat where its live near stream or river while Limnonectes malesianus and paramocrodon have close relationship with each other due to their similar habitat in swampy area. Limnonectes species come from one ancestor and evolve to become different from each species showing that it is diverse across riparian habitat. The phylogenetic relationship proved useful in clarifying the diversification of riparian frog (Anura: Limnonectes) species lineages in Western Sarawak