Blockchain for Smart Grid Operations,Control and Management

A comprehensive overview of blockchain-based smart grid management, control, and operation solutions. The report compares with related reviews andhighlights the challenges in management, control, and operation for a blockchain-based smart grid, as well as future research directions in five categories: collaboration between actors, data analytics and management, control ofnetwork imbalances, decentralization of network management and operation,security and privacy.The report reviews how blockchain technology can potentially solve thechallenges of decentralized solutions for future renewable energy systems. Asa result, several applications of blockchain for renewable energy are discussed,such as electric vehicles, decentralized P2P energy transactions, carbon certification and trading, physical information security, energy transfer, Energy-to-X,and the Internet of Energy.A guideline for the implementation of blockchain to corresponding applications for future renewable energy is also presented in this report. This includesthe different blockchain system architectures, the data flow from the powergrid processed and recorded, the choice of the appropriate consensus, and thedifferent blockchain frameworks. open access