Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Cryo-Electron Microscopy Investigation of AOT Surfactant Structure at the Hydrated Mica Surface

Structural properties of the anionic surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT or Aerosol-OT) adsorbed on the mica surface were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation, including the effect of surface loading in the presence of monovalent and divalent cations. The simulations confirmed recent neutron reflectivity experiments that revealed the binding of anionic surfactant to the negatively charged surface via adsorbed cations. At low loading, cylindrical micelles formed on the surface, with sulfate head groups bound to the surface by water molecules or adsorbed cations. Cation bridging was observed in the presence of weakly hydrating monovalent cations, while sulfate groups interacted with strongly hydrating divalent cations through water bridges. The adsorbed micelle structure was confirmed experimentally with cryogenic electronic microscopy, which revealed micelles approximately 2 nm in diameter at the basal surface. At higher AOT loading, the simulations reveal adsorbed bilayers with similar surface binding mechanisms. Adsorbed micelles were slightly thicker (2.2–3.0 nm) than the corresponding bilayers (2.0–2.4 nm). Upon heating the low loading systems from 300 K to 350 K, the adsorbed micelles transformed to a more planar configuration resembling bilayers. The driving force for this transition is an increase in the number of sulfate head groups interacting directly with adsorbed cations