Application of metal impregnated carbon nanotubes and cyclodextrin polymers, for the destruction of bacteria in water

M.Sc.Safe drinking water is an essential resource for human survival, health, dignity and development. However, this vital resource has become scarce mainly due to population growth, economic activity, climate change and pollution. Treatment of polluted water is expensive and does not always ensure delivery of safe drinking water to humans. Reports on the detection of pollutants such as organics, bacteria, inorganics and the occurrence of toxic disinfection byproducts in treated water in distribution systems have necessitated further research in improving water treatment methods. Metal impregnated carbon nanotube incorporated into cyclodextrin polyurethanes were synthesised by first functionalising carbon nanotubes and then impregnating them with metal nanoparticles. The resultant product was confirmed using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The metal nanoparticles were found to have a diameter range of 6 to 35 nm. The metal impregnated carbon nanotubes were then polymerised to produce cyclodextrin polyurethanes. The polymers were characterised using various techniques such as Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Emission dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller analysis. The metal nanoparticles were found to be part of the polymers through EDX and the polymers’ surface areas were measured to be 0.78 and 0.3383 m2/g for silver and copper polymers, respectively. The synthesised polymers were tested for their efficacy at destroying pathogenic bacteria from water. The polymers were found to inactivate bacteria by up to 4 logs from spiked water samples. These metal impregnated polymers when compared to native carbon nanotubes and cyclodextrin polymers had an enhanced antibacterial property. In environmental samples, metal impregnated polymers destroyed up to 3 logs of bacteria. There was complete removal of bacteria from filtered environmental water samples. Factors affecting the polymers’ efficacy were turbidity, nature of sample and the ratio of bacterial cells removed per gram of polymer