Prediction of Cell-Penetrating Peptides Using a Novel HSIC-Based Multiview TSK Fuzzy System

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides that can carry cargo into cells. CPPs are widely utilized due to their powerful loading capacity and transduction efficiency. Identifying CPPs is the basis for studying their functions and mechanisms; however, experimental methods to identify CPPs are expensive and time-consuming. Recently, CPP predictors based on machine learning methods have become a research hotspot. Although considerable progress has been made, some challenges remain unresolved. First, most predictors employ a variety of feature descriptors to transform an original sequence into multiview data; however, extant methods ignore the relationships between different views, limiting further performance improvement. Second, most machine learning models are actually black boxes and cannot offer insightful advice. In this paper, a novel Hilbert–Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC)-based multiview TSK fuzzy system is proposed. Compared with other machine learning methods, TSK fuzzy systems have better interpretability, and the introduction of multiview mechanisms provides comprehensive insight into the intrinsic laws of the data. HSIC is utilized here to measure the independence and enhance the complementarity between different views. Notably, the proposed method attained prediction accuracy results of 92.2% and 96.2% for the training and independent test sets, respectively. The empirical results show that our promising approach features greater recognition performance than the state-of-the-art method