Diastereo- and enantio-selective bioreduction of ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3-oxobutanoate clofibrate analogues by Kluyveromyces marxianus and other whole cell biocatalysts

Growing and resting cells of several yeasts, which catalyze the hydride transfer to a carbonyl, were screened and used in conditions to find out the suitable methodology to prepare clofibrate analogues. Clofibrate is an antilipidemic drug. In particular, the bioreduction of ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3-oxobutanoate 1 was investigated to separately prepare the four possible stereoisomers of the ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxybutanoate 2. Compound (2R,3S)-2 was prepared with ee = 97% and 73% yield in the presence of Kluyveromyces marxianus; (2S,3S)-2 preparation with ee >99% in 9% and 33% yield was mediated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 7336 and Trigonopsis variabilis, respectively. Diastereomeric excess values of all the reactions investigated were up to >99%. Furthermore, enantiomeric excesses of the bioconversions varied between 2% and >99% using growing cells and, 12% and >99% using resting cells. The absolute configuration of (2R,3S)-2 was established by X-ray analysis of the corresponding acid 3