Shear-induced diffusion in cohesive granular flows: Effect of enduring clusters

We investigate the effect of intergranular cohesive forces on the properties of self-diffusion in dense granular flows. The study is based on a series of simulated plane shear flows at different inertial and cohesion numbers, in which transverse diffusivities are measured. Results evidence an increase in diffusivity by up to two orders of magnitude when introducing cohesion. This strong effect is analysed using the Green-Kubo framework, expressing the diffusivity in terms of instantaneous grain velocity fluctuations and their time correlation. This analysis shows that cohesion, by forming enduring clusters in the flow, enhances the velocity fluctuations and their time persistence, which both contribute to enhancing grain mixing and self-diffusion