Effect of low gas concentration in underground return tunnels on characteristics of gas explosions

This study numerically investigated the effect of a very low gas concentration on a gas explosion's performance numerically using OpenFOAM. The use of the Harten–Lax–van Leer–Contact (HLLC) approximation algorithm based on the density-based solver was proposed to capture the shock wave. The process variable in XiFOAM of the OpenFOAM toolbox was used for the deflagration reaction. A gas explosion test was performed, and the numerical model with OpenFOAM was validated using the testing data. Based on the numerical investigation, the influence of a very low methane concentration on the flame and shock wave propagation law of a gas explosion was analyzed. It showed that the flame initially accelerated, followed by deceleration, and then accelerated again before slowing down. An increase in the methane concentration had an enhanced effect on the maximum overpressure ratio, which increased linearly with an increase in the methane concentration from 0 vol. % to 3.0 vol. % in the return tunnels. Increasing the explosive methane volume and concentration caused a significant increase in the flame spread distance. It was also noted that increasing the methane concentration caused a linear increase in the maximum overpressure ratio, and the methane volume and concentration both had a sensitive effects on the maximum overpressure ratio and average overpressure rising rate. The results clarified how the gas explosion law was affected by a very low gas concentration and provided theoretical support for controlling gas explosion disasters