Work-related stress and wellbeing among nurses: Testing a multi-dimensional model

Aim: Basing on the Demands-Resources and Individual-Effects (DRIVE) Model developed by Mark and Smith in 2008, the study aims to propose and test a multi-dimensional model that combines work characteristics, individual characteristics, and work–family interface dimensions as predictors of nurses' psychophysical health. Methods: Self-report questionnaires assessing work characteristics (effort; rewards; job demands; job control; social support), individual characteristics (socio-demographic characteristics; coping strategies; Type A behavioral pattern; Type D personality), work–family interface dimensions (work–family interrole conflict; job and life satisfaction), and health outcomes (psychological disease; physical disease) were completed by 450 Italian nurses. Logistic regression analyses and Hayes' PROCESS tool were used to test the proposed model by exploring main, moderating and mediating hypotheses. Results: Findings confirmed the proposed theoretical framework including work characteristics, individual characteristics, and work–family interface dimensions as significant predictors of nurses' psychophysical disease. Specific main, moderating and mediating effects were found, providing a wide set of multiple risks and protective factors. Conclusions: The study allowed a broader understanding of nurses' work-related stress process, providing a comprehensive tool for the assessment of occupational health and for the definition of tailored policies and interventions in public healthcare organizations to promote nurses' wellbeing