Adiabatic frictional pressure gradient during flow boiling of pure refrigerant R1233zd and non-azeotropic mixtures R448A, R452A and R455A

The research on two-phase flow characteristics of refrigerants is of primary importance in several fields, such as air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Therefore, the determination of the pressure drop during flow boiling is important for the correct design of evaporators and heat spreaders systems. This paper presents a collection of experiments on flow boiling pressure drop using pure refrigerant R1233zd and new low-GWP refrigerant mixtures R448A, R452A and R455A. All tests were performed in adiabatic conditions, in a smooth horizontal stainless-steel tube having an internal diameter of 6.0 mm and a thickness of 1.0 mm. The effect of operating parameters, such as (bubble) saturation temperature (from 25 to 65 °C) and mass flux (from 150 to 600 kg/m2s) is investigated and discussed, and the performance of the chosen fluids is also compared. Finally, an assessment of existing prediction methods is carried-out to find the most suitable correlations for two-phase pressure drop evaluation