A Review on Recent Trends in Advancement of Bio-Sensory Techniques Toward Pesticide Detection

India has achieved its food security through the green revolution and technological revolution, although food safety is still not realized. Subsequently, agricultural runoffs, industrial wastes and domestic sewages continuously contaminate the water and the associated livelihood through several contaminants. Pesticides and their residues, which function as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), influence the food web through water resources, among other things. The gold standard conventional procedures are used to identify these pesticide residues. However, the introduction of the technology revolution necessitates the use of screening instruments to conduct a pre-inspection of drinkable commodities in order to achieve a better health economy. In the recent decade, microelectronics-based highly sensitive instruments enabled with real-time measurement of pesticide residues is now possible. In addition, the introduction of novel nanosensors and biosensors into revolutionary microelectronics-based devices has improved the performance of these portable instruments in terms of detecting trace-level pesticide residues. Comprehensive assessments of microelectronics-based sensors with comparative benefits, on the other hand, are rare. Herein we review the critical advanced sensory techniques. The significant points are as follows: (1) the state-of-the-art focuses on rapid, portable, and cost-effective optical and electrochemical biosensory tools for pesticide detection in water; (2) a quick overview of commercially available portable devices has been summarized as potential to become next-generation screening tools