Short and long-term effects of nanobiomaterials in fish cell lines. Applicability of RTgill-W1

10 Pág. Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía​ (INIA)Nanobiomaterials (NBMs) are nanostructured materials for biomedical applications that can reach aquatic organisms. The short and long-term effects of these emerging contaminants are unknown in fish. The RTgill-W1 cell line has been proposed as a model to predict the acute toxicity of chemicals to fish (OECD Test Guideline nº 249). We assessed the applicability of this cell line to study the short and long-term toxicity of 15 NBMs based onhydroxyapatites (HA), lipid (LSNP/LNP), gold, iron oxide, carbon, poly l-Lactide acid (PLLA) fibers with silver and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid. Two more rainbow trout cell lines (RTL-W1, from liver, and RTS-11, from spleen) were exposed, to identify possible sensitivity differences among cells. Exposures to a range of concentrations (0.78-100 μg/mL) lasted for 24 h. Additionally, the RTgill-W1 was used to perform long-term (28 d exposure) and recovery (14 d exposure/14 d recovery) assays. Cells were exposed to the 24 h-IC20 and/or to 100 μg/mL. A triple cytotoxicity assay was conducted. After 24 h, only PLLA Fibers-AgNPs showed cytotoxicity (IC50 < 100 μg/mL). However, the NBMs in general provoked concentration-dependent effects after long-term exposures, except the LSNPs. A recovery of viability was only observed for AuNPs, AuNRods, Fe3O4PEG-PLGA, MgHA-Collag_Scaffolds, Ti-HA and TiHA-Alg NPs.These results evidenced the need to test the long-term toxicity of NBMs and showed differences in cytotoxicity probably associated to different mechanisms of toxic action. The RTgill-W1 was useful to screen short and long-term toxicities of NBMs and appears as a promiseful model to assess possible toxicity of NBMs in fish.This work was funded from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme under Grant Agreement No 760928 (BIORIMA - BIOmaterial RIsk MAnagement). CIC biomaGUNE (Spain), Colorobbia Consulting SRL (Italy), Electrospinning company LTD (United Kingdom), Finceramica (Italy), ISTEC (Italy), Joint Research Cetre, Nanovector SRL (Italy) and UniTorino (Italy), supplied the NBMs.Peer reviewe