Nationalism and Pancasila Education within Indonesian Islamic and National Universities: Mapping Students’ Responses to the Integration of Spiritual and Emotional Intelligence-Based Education

The article aims to portray students’ responses to the integration of spiritual and emotional intelligence (ESI) in Pancasila Education in the form of teaching model to improve their nationalism. The effect of ESI integration on students’ attitudes toward Pancasila and their perception of the integration in Pancasila Education are among the responses. The study includes 73 students from Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo, and Universitas Negeri Malang. According to the findings, integrating ESI into Pancasila Education can improve students’ nationalism, as seen by positive shift in their attitudes toward Pancasila. Students view the incorporation of ESI in Pancasila Education favourably, stating that the teaching is enjoyable, interesting, not boring, as well as encouraging, active, and simple to understand. The students are also reassured in their decision to support Pancasila as the nation’s ideology. To conclude, integrating ESI into Pancasila Education in the form of a teaching model can enhance students’ nationalism and improve their perception