The effect of organised sport on daily patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children

Svrha: Cilj ovog opservacijskog istraživanja je utvrditi kako sudjelovanje u organiziranom sportu (konkretno rukometu) utječe na dnevnu razinu tjelesne aktivnosti i vrijeme provedeno pred ekranima. Metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 20 djece prosječne dobi od 10 godine (SD=1), koja se bave rukometom kao izvan školskom aktivnošću. Uzeti su podaci 20 ispitanika od čega 15 dječaka i 5 djevojčica. Vrijeme provedeno u tjelesnoj aktivnosti, dnevni broj koraka i potrošnju energije pratili smo nosivim uređajem za praćenje tjelesne aktivnosti Fitbit Charge 3 kroz razdoblje od 14 uzastopnih dana i noći, neprekidno tijekom 24 sata. Također, uz sat ispitanici su vodili dnevnik u kojeg su upisivali vrijeme koje su proveli na mobitelu, televiziji i računalu. Studentov T-test za zavisne uzorke koristio se za testiranje razlika u količini tjelesne aktivnosti, broju koraka, potrošnji kalorija i vremenu provedenom pred ekranom za razdoblje kada je bilo treninga i kada nije bilo treninga te između školskog tjedna i vikenda. Rezultati: Djeca su bila značajno aktivnija tijekom tjedna (446 ± 100 min/dan), u odnosu na vikend (378 ± 82min/dan) (p=0,007), te su aktivnija u one dane kada je bilo trening (476±105 min/dan) u odnosu na dane kada nije bilo treninga (402±78 min/dan) (p<0,001). Rezultati također pokazuju i veliku količinu vremena koje djeca provedu pred ekranima. Tijekom tjedna (120±80 min/dan) djeca manje vremena provedu pred ekranom u odnosu na vikend (183±76 min/dan) (p<0,001). Slične podatke smo dobili i za dane kad je bio trening (111±71 min/dan) u odnosu kad nije bio trening (148±79min/dan) (p<0,001). Zaključak: Organiziranim sportom možemo utjecati na povećanje količine tjelesne aktivnosti kod djece i adolescenata, te na smanjenje sedentarnog ponašanja, odnosno vremena koje djeca provode ispred ekrana. Zbog sve manjeg vremena koje djeca samostalno provede igrajući se u slobodno vrijeme potrebno je uvesti ih u organizirani sport, te na taj način utjecati na povećanje tjelesne aktivnosti i samim time utjecati na pravilan razvoj, unapređenje zdravlja i prevenciju bolesti.Purpose: The aim of this observational study was to determine how participation in organized sports (specifically handball) affect the daily level of physical activity and time spent in front of screen. Methods: 20 children with an average age of 10 years (SD=1), who play handball as an after school activity, participated in the research. Data were taken from 20 subjects, of which 15 were boys and 5 were girls. We monitored the time spent in physical activity, daily number of steps and energy consumption with a wearable device for monitoring physical activity over a period of 14 consecutive days and nights, continuously for 24 hours. Participants wore the watch all the time, and only took it of to charge it or for safety reasons if they were engaged in some other physical activity. In addition to the watch, participants kept a diary in which they recorded the time they spent on the mobile phone, television and computer. Student T-test for dependent samples was used to test for differences in amount of physical activity, number of steps, calorie consumption, and screen time between training and nontraining periods and between the school week and weekend. Results: Children were significantly more active during the week (446±100 min/day), compared to the weekend days (378±82 min/day) (p=0,007), and are more active on those days when there was training (476±105 min/day), compared to the days when there was no training (402±78 min/day) (p<0,001). Analysis also showed a large amount of time that children spend in front of screens. During the weekdays (120±80 min/day), children spent less time in front of the screen compared to weekend days (183±76 min/day) (p<0,001), which can be linked to sedentary leisure time. We obtained similar data for the days when ther was training (111±71 min/day) compared to when there was no training (148±79 min/day) (p