Gamification-less: may gamification really foster civic participation? A controlled field experiment

In the context of smart communities, it is essential an active and continuous collaboration between citizens, organizations and institutions. There are several cases where citizens may be asked to participate such as in public decision-making process by informing, voting or proposing projects or in crisis management by sharing precise and timely information with other citizens and emergency organizations. However, these opportunities do not automatically result in participatory practices sustained over time. Mobile technologies and social networks provide the substratum for supporting formal empowerment, but citizen engagement in participation processes is still an open issue. One of the techniques used to improve engagement is gamification based on the humans" predisposition to games. So far, we still lack studies that can prove the advantage of gamified systems respect to non-gamified ones in civic participation context. In this work, we present a between-group design experiment performed in the wild using two mobile applications enabling civic participation, one gamified and the other not. Our results highlight that the gamified application generates a better user experience and civic engagement.Open access funding provided by Università degli Studi di Salerno within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. The research is partially supported by Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital (MINECO), Award number: TIN2016-77690-R and by the Italian Ministry Universities and Research MUR 2019 Grant number: AIM1872991-2