Wire metamaterial filled metallic resonators

Funding Information: The authors thank Maxim Gorlach, Jón Gudmundsson, Grigorij Karsakov, Tove Klaesson, Eugine Koreshin, Mathew Lawson, Ivan Matchenya, and Karl van Bibber for helpful discussions and also thank the members of the ALPHA Consortium for discussion and support. R.B. thanks Gréta Horváthová for her continued support. A.J.M. is supported by the European Research Council under Grant No. 742104 and by the Swedish Research Council (VR) under Dnr 2019-02337 “Detecting Axion Dark Matter in the Sky and in the Lab (AxionDM).” R.B. and P.B. were supported by Priority 2030 Federal Academic Leadership Program and a grant for scientific school HIII-2359.2022.4. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.In this work we study electromagnetic properties of a resonator recently suggested for the search of axions - a hypothetical candidate to explain dark matter. A wire medium loaded resonator (called a plasma haloscope when used to search for dark matter) consists of a box filled with a dense array of parallel wires electrically connected to top and bottom walls. We show that the homogenization model of a wire medium works for this resonator without mesoscopic corrections, and that the resonator quality factor Q at the frequency of our interest drops versus the growth of the resonator volume V until it is dominated by resistive losses in the wires. We find that even at room temperature metals like copper can give quality factors in the thousands - an order of magnitude higher than originally assumed. Our theoretical results for both loaded and unloaded resonator quality factors were confirmed by building an experimental prototype. We discuss ways to further improve wire medium loaded resonators.Peer reviewe