Simulation Tool for Winter Navigation Decision Support in the Baltic Sea

This article presents a novel simulation tool for the analysis of winter navigation operations in the Baltic Sea in the context of the Finnish-Swedish Winter Navigation System (FSWNS). The aim of the tool is to simulate the performance of the FSWNS under various potential future operating scenarios and thereby support decision making in matters affecting the operation and development of the FSWNS, for instance, in terms of icebreaking resources and ice class regulations. To this end, the tool considers key performance factors and characteristics of the FSWNS, such as the prevailing ice conditions, the ice-going capability and other technical characteristics of the relevant merchant vessels, the availability of icebreaking resources, and the features of specific icebreaking operations (e.g., convoys). The tool would allow testing of several "what-if" scenarios, answering questions related to optimal engine power for safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly navigation and the optimal scheduling of icebreakers for effective and cost-efficient assistance missions.Peer reviewe