User-Side Indoor Localization Using CSI Fingerprinting

Funding Information: This work was funded in part by the European Union under the framework of the project H2020-MSCA-ITN 813999 Windmill and the Academy of Finland (grant 319484). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 IEEE. | openaire: EC/H2020/813999/EU//WINDMILLWe consider a scalable User Equipment (UE)-side indoor localization framework that processes Channel State Information (CSI) from multiple Access Points (APs). We use CSI features that are resilient to synchronization errors and other hardware impairments. As a consequence our method does not require accurate network synchronization among APs. Increasing the number of APs considered by a UE profoundly improves fingerprint positioning, with the cost of increasing complexity and channel estimation time. In order to improve scalability of the framework to large networks consisting of multiple APs in many rooms, we train a multi-layer neural network that combines CSI features and unique AP identifiers of a subset of APs in range of a UE. We simulate UE-side localization using CSI obtained from a commercial raytracer. The considered method processing frequency selective CSI achieves an average positioning error of 60cm, outperforming methods that process received signal strength information only. The mean localization accuracy loss compared to a non-scalable approach with perfect synchronization and CSI is 20cm.Peer reviewe