Renewable energy and nanotechnology

The most advances of nanotechnology to renewable energy production, storage and use are reviewed. This aims to introduce several significant applications of nanotechnology in renewable energy field. In this work is reviewed and summarized carefully to give a panoramic overview about the role of nanotechnology in improving the renewable energy production. Nanotechnologies are attracting increasing investments from both governmental and non-governmental sectors that offers great opportunities to explore the new emerging nanodevices, such as the nanoelectronics (quantum dots). This is to exploit properties of arising from micro to nanoscale analyzed by interplaying classic and quantum physics. The current technologies could not present exact information for predicting those properties. So, the nanotechnology will path the way for this future mission. Anyway, nanotechnology will open the horizons for researching physics, materials, devices and many features of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The density functional theory (DFT) utilizes WIEN2K within full potential-linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) for calculating indirect energy gaps as employed for analyzing different elements, compounds and alloys semiconductors. Theoretically, modern implementations allow for a number of approximations to exchange and correlation and make no approximations to the shape of the crystal potential, unlike methods employing the atomic sphere approximation (ASA) which assume spherical symmetry around each atom. Additionally, the energetic transition and optical properties calculations are achieved via modified Becke Johnson (mBJ) formalisms to Engel-Vosko generalized gradient approximation (EV-GGA) optimize the corresponding potential for energetic transition and optical properties calculations as a function of quantum dot diameter to test the validity of our model of quantum dot potential. The refractive index and optical dielectric constant are investigated to explore best applications for solar cells