Cepheids are pulsating variable stars which play a key role as primary distance indicators thanks to the empirical relation between their pulsation period and intrinsic luminosity, the period-luminosity relation. This law is used to calibrate the brightness of type-Ia supernovæ in nearby galaxies, which is in turn used to measure the distance to galaxies in the Hubble flow. This provides an estimate of the current expansion rate of the Universe, known as the Hubble constant (H0). In recent years, a significant tension of at least 4σ has arisen between the early universe measurement of H0 from the Planck satellite, assuming a ΛCDM model, and the late universe direct measurements based on Cepheid distances. The persistence of this tension wou...