Comparison of the third and fourth waves of COVID-19 pandemic in Medjimurje County

Pandemija je širenje bolesti van država granice ili kontinenta. Uz danas veoma poznatu pandemiju bolesti COVID-19, bile su još poznate kuga, španjolska gripa i velike boginje. Prilikom trajanja 21. stoljeća tri su velike pandemije koje ga obilježavaju, to su SARS (Teški akutni respiratorni sindrom) koji se pojavljuje 2002. godine, 2012. godine pojavljuje se MERS (Srednje istočni respiratorni sindrom) te tijekom kraja 2019. godine u Wuhanu pojavljuje se nova pandemija COVID-19 (Koronavirusna bolest 19) te se veoma brzo proširila svijetom. COVID-19 bolest obilježena je rasponom simptoma, od asimptomatske bolesti pa sve do kliničke slike kod koje je potrebna hitna hospitalizacija, a neizbježan je i smrtni ishod. Kisik je veoma važan čimbenik u liječenju ove bolesti. Međutim, otkrivanjem cjepiva dobili smo još jedan način prevencije. Točnije cijepljenjem se bolest smanjuje, ali ne nestaje rizik od zaraze COVID-19 bolesti dok su simptomi bolesti blaži. S ciljem uspoređivanja simptoma, načina liječenja, pojavom komplikacija i procijepljenosti hospitaliziranih osoba u Županijskoj bolnici Čakovec u dva vala pandemije bolesti COVID-19 provedeno je istraživanje. Za vrijeme trećeg vala pandemije bolesti COVID-19 hospitalizirano je 425 osoba, dok za vrijeme četvrtog vala pandemije bolesti COVID-19 hospitalizirano je 506 osoba. Prilikom istraživanja korišteni su podatci prikupljeni iz povijesti bolesti pacijenata. Nakon prikupljanja podataka odrađena je statistička obrada podataka pomoću programa Excel. Korišteni su podatci u razdoblju od ožujka do prosinca 2021. godine. Istraživanje je pokazalo kako je u četvrtom valu pandemije bolesti COVID-19 bilo više hospitaliziranih osoba. Starija populacija češće je hospitalizirana, od osoba mlađe životne dobi. Vodeći simptomi koji se javljaju u oba vala su otežano disanje i povišena temperatura, uz pojavu simptoma ostalih organskih sustava u čovjeku. Osobe koje su cijepljene barem s jednom dozom cjepiva, imaju blažu kliničku sliku, odnosno manju potrebu za ekstremnim terapijama kisikom. Glavna komplikacija koju povezujemo se pandemijom bolesti COVID-19 bila je plućna embolija, za njen nastanak se povezuje terapija kisikom (nosna kanila s visokim protokom kisika i neinvazivna mehanička ventilacija). Hospitaliziranjem osoba željele su se smanjiti daljnje komplikacije bolesti, kao kod svake bolesti nije ih moguće u potpunosti izbjeći, ali se uz nadzor drže „pod kontrolom“. Cijepljenjem protiv uzročnika neke od zaraznih bolesti, stvara se imunitet krda kojim se štiti cijela zajednica. Tako je i u ovom slučaju protiv bolesti COVID-19. Skepticizam o cjepivu te općenito o bolesti COVID-19 zaokupilo je današnje društvo u velikoj mjeri. Stoga se ne cijepljenjem i ne pridržavanjem preporučenih mjera prevencije dovodimo u opasnost sebe, ali i ljude oko sebe. Važna uloga je na edukaciji ljudi o ovoj bolesti, kako bi se oživjela svijest populacije.Pandemic is spreading disease outside of the lines of country or continent. With today's very well-known covid-19 disease pandemic, they were still known and familiar plague, spanish flu and smallpox. 21st century is marked with large pandemics, SARS which appears in 2002., in 2012. there is MERS and at the end of 2019th in Wuhan appears new pandemic known as COVID-19 which spread through the whole world very fast. Disease COVID-19 is characterized by a range of symptoms, from asymptomatic disease, to the very bad clinical picture which require urgent hospitalization, with death as inevitable outcome. Oxygen is important factor in treating this disease. However, with discovery of vaccine we gained another way of prevention this disease. Correctly, vaccination reduces the illness, but the risk of infection with COVID-19 disease does not disappear. Research was conducted with a goal of comparing symptoms, methods of treatment, complication rate and vaccination of patients hospitalized in County hospital Čakovec in two waves of epidemic COVID-19 disease. During third wave of COVID-19 disease pandemic, 425 peoples were hospitalized, and during fourth wave 506 peoples. During research were used informations collected from patients data base. After collecting the informations about patients, informations were statisticly covered in Excel program. There were used informations from march till december of 2021. The research has shown increased amount of people who were hospitalized in fourth wave of COVID-19 disease pandemic. Elderly were more hospitalized than the younger population. Leading symptoms were heavy breathing and increased body temperature, with adding other symptoms of organic systems in human body. People vaccinated with at least one dose of supplement has milder clinical picture and less need of oxygen therapy during the disease. Main complication which is connected with COVID-19 was pulmonary embolism. With hospitalization they wanted to decrease further commplications of disease and keep them „under control“. Vaccionation is key method to creating collective immunity which protects the whole community. Skepticism toward vaccionation and the illnes itself has occupied todays society in great measure. With non-vaccination and non-compliance of recommended measures of prevention we put at risk ourself and the people around us. It is immportant educating people about this disease in order to revive the consciousness of the population