Система маркетингових моделей товару

Метою статті є аналіз та систематизація маркетингових моделей товару, що відносяться до різних етапів економічних відносин та послідовно охоплюють весь життєвий цикл товару від його проектування до споживання. В межах кожного етапу визначено відповідні моделі, які відображають специфічні вимоги до товару, пов’язані із техніко-економічними особливостями діяльності підприємства. Перший етап – виробничий – має на меті оптимізувати виробничу діяльність, отже модель має відобразити особливості виробництва товару. На другому етапі – розподілу – товар має відповідати меті оптимізації логістичної діяльності, отже, відповідна модель відображає особливості товару, пов’язані із збутовою логістикою. Третій етап – обміну – є точкою перетину попиту та пропозиції. В межах четвертого, етапу споживання, товарну модель має бути зорієнтовано на мотивацію та особливості поведінки споживача. Представлені моделі пов’язано у систему, що є наскрізною для всього життєвого циклу товару та може слугувати основою для комплексного оцінювання його конкурентоспроможності.System of Marketing Models of Goods. The aim of the article. The purpose of the study, which is the subject of the article, was the formation of a system of product models, which covered the stage "production - distribution - exchange - consumption", which creates a basis for analysing the competitiveness of goods over time. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set and solved: a) a comprehensive analysis of existing models in marketing; b) the formation of new models of goods that are not present today in the world scientific literature; c) formation of a system of product models in marketing as a basis for analysis of product competitiveness in the temporal aspect. Analyses results. Traditionally, in the process of analysing the competitiveness of the company in the centre of the analysis is the product as an object of market exchange. The issue of product competitiveness implies the need to determine the key aspects or components that will be subject to comparative analysis, as competitiveness is a relative concept. For a comprehensive analysis of competitiveness it is necessary to take into account the entire cycle of its production and market presence, its life cycle, in particular, within the classical scheme: production - distribution - exchange - consumption. At each of the stages of this scheme, the key are different aspects and characteristics of the product, according to the characteristics of interaction with it, which should be reflected in the marketing models of the product, developed separately for each stage. Within each stage, appropriate models are identified that reflect the specific requirements for the product related to the technical and economic characteristics of the enterprise. The first stage - production - aims to optimize production activities, so the model should reflect the characteristics of the production of goods. In the second stage - distribution - the product must meet the goal of optimizing logistics activities, therefore, the corresponding model reflects the characteristics of the product associated with logistics of sales. The third stage - exchange - is the point of intersection of supply and demand. Within the fourth stage of consumption, the product model should be focused on motivation and consumer behaviour. The presented models are connected into a system that is cross-cutting for the entire life cycle of the product and can serve as a basis for a comprehensive assessment of its competitiveness. Conclusions and directions for further research. The presented product models form an interconnected group, covering the entire economic cycle from the beginning of production to consumption. This approach helps to take into account the nuances of marketing management at each stage and to form a set of marketing measures to strengthen the competitiveness of the enterprise in terms of its product policy. A further area of research may be the development of an algorithm that will form a system of criteria for the competitiveness of goods in accordance with the specific market situation, taking into account the peculiarities of the implementation of stages within a certain market