Проблеми та перспективи розвитку ЖКГ в Україні: фінансовий аспект

Іртищева, І. О. Проблеми та перспективи розвитку ЖКГ в Україні: фінансовий аспект = Problems and prospects of housing and communal services development in Ukraine: financial aspects / І. О. Іртищева, М. І. Стегней, О. О. Топчій // Вісник ХНАУ. Сер. Економічні науки. – 2019. – № 2. – С. 353–365.У статті досліджено фінансовий стан підприємств ЖКГ, систематизовано основні проблеми галузі на сучасному етапі її реформування. Проведено аналіз основних джерел фінансування комунальних підприємств та ефективності бюджетних витрат на розвиток ЖКГ в Україні. Окреслено основні напрямки удосконалення механізму фінансового та інвестиційного забезпечення розвитку сфери житлово-комунальних послуг, визначено додаткові джерела та пріоритетні напрямки фінансування галузі.In the context of the transformation of the socio-economic sphere in Ukraine, the problems of effective implementation of reforms in the housing and communal services sector remain one of the most debatable and require a comprehensive strategic approach to solving them. The article investigates the financial state of utilities, systematizes the main problems of the industry at the current stage of its reform. It has been determined that the financial state of housing and communal services enterprises is unsatisfactory, which limits the ability of enterprises to modernize, restore and build housing and communal services facilities and reduces the quality of services to the population. Solving the problems of financial support for utilities requires additional analysis of their financial status and the search for additional sources of financing. The main reasons for the loss of the industry are the increase in the debt of the population for the payment of utilities and the increase in costs of enterprises due to the use of outdated systems and equipment. The analysis of the main sources of financing of public utilities and the efficiency of budget expenditures for the development of housing and communal services in Ukraine was made. It has been determined that the structure of budget expenditures for housing development is inefficient and is worsening in dynamics. Much of the state's resources are spent on financing public expenditures on housing and communal services, rather than capital investment and modernization of housing and utilities facilities and infrastructure. Due to the high level of deterioration of these objects, permanent underfunding of the industry can lead to dangerous and emergency situations, increase the level of social tension in society, and environmental degradation in cities. At the same time, the transition to market economy conditions in the sector, provided that the appropriate institutional environment is created, creates the preconditions for attracting additional sources of financing for the industry, including: private and foreign investment, loans, mutual funds and more. The solution to the problems of housing and utilities financing lies in the support the form of decentralized approaches aimed at increasing the investment attractiveness of the industry for both internal and external investors, developing forms of public-private and municipal-private partnerships, forming a network of utility banks, intensifying cooperation with international financial institutions, аattraction of funds in priority directions of housing and utilities development