Deprivation of parental care in the light of modern theory and legal practice

Starševska skrb je staršem dana z namenom, da se zagotavlja otrokova največja korist. Ker pa lahko starši izvajajo starševsko skrb tudi na način, ki krši otrokove pravice in povzroča ogroženost otroka, ima država nalogo, da v takšnem primeru, otroka in njegovo korist zaščiti z ukrepom za varstvo otrokove koristi. S tem namenom Družinski zakonik predvideva številne ukrepe za varstvo otrokove koristi in odvzem starševske skrbi, predstavlja ukrep, ki najhuje poseže v pravice staršev. Ta ukrep ne pomeni zgolj izločitve otroka iz družinskega okolja, temveč tudi prenehanje vseh upravičenj, ki gredo staršem iz naslova starševske skrbi. Odvzem starševske skrbi se izvede izključno zaradi varstva mladoletnih otrok in je praviloma trajne narave. Sodišče izreče ukrep odvzema starševske skrbi, če ugotovi, da je otrok ogrožen, iz okoliščin primera pa ne izhaja, da bodo lahko starši ponovno prevzeli skrb za njegovo varstvo in vzgojo. Takšne okoliščine bodo podane predvsem, ko starša huje kršita obveznosti ali zlorabljata pravice, ki izhajajo iz starševske skrbi ali ko otroka zapustita oziroma s svojim ravnanjem očitno pokažeta, da za otroka ne bosta skrbela. Starševska skrb se lahko odvzame enemu ali obema staršema. Skupaj z odvzemom starševske skrbi lahko sodišče omeji ali odvzame tudi pravico do izvajanja stikov in odloči o preživninski obveznosti staršev. Pravica do izvajanja stikov in otrokova pravica do preživljanja sta namreč samostojni in od starševske skrbi neodvisni pravici. Kadar sodišče odloči o ukrepu odvzema starševske skrbi, odloči tudi o namestitvi otroka k drugi osebi, v rejništvo ali v zavod in o postavitvi pod skrbništvo, če o tem ni že predhodno odločilo.Parental care is given to parents with the intention to insure the child\u27s best interests. Even though, parents might enact parental care in a way that violates children’s rights and causes danger to the child. In such cases the state has a task to protect the child with measures to protect the child’s best interest. For this reason the Family Code proposes different acts to protect the interest of children. Out of all such acts, the deprivation of parental care is the most radical solution. Such an act does not merely mean to exclude the child out of familiar circle, it also cuts all rights of the parents, considering parental care. The deprivation of parental care is carried out exclusively for the protection of minor children and is of a permanent nature. The court enacts a measure of deprivation of parental care, if it finds that the child is at risk and the circumstances of the case do not indicate that the parents will be able to provide care and education again. Such circumstances will be given especially when the parents seriously violate their obligations or abuse the rights stemming from parental care, whether they abandon the child or clearly show by their behavior that they will not be capable to take care of the child. Parental care can be taken away from a single or both parents. Together with the withdrawal of parental care, the court can also limit or withdraw the right to contact the child and decide on the alimony obligation of the parents. The right to contact and also the right to alimony are independent rights, separated from parental care. When the court resolves on the measure of deprivation of parental care, it also decides on the placement of the child, be it with another person, in foster care in an institution and placement under guardianship, if it has not previously decided to do so