Challenges of using artifical intelligence in policing

Uporaba sistemov umetne inteligence je že nekaj let prisotna v različnih sferah posameznikovega zasebnega in družbenega življenja, čeprav se njene prisotnosti pogosto niti ne zavedamo. Ljudje izraz umetna inteligenca po večini še vedno povezujejo z roboti, ki imajo človeku podobne lastnosti, vendar pa umetna inteligenca ni omejena le na uporabo v robotiki. Uporabljajo jo različne aplikacije, s katerimi se posamezniki srečujemo v vsakdanjem življenju, kot je na primer odklepanje pametnega telefona ali osebnega računalnika s prepoznavo obraza, označevanje oseb na fotografiji na družbenih omrežij (na primer Facebook) ali aplikacija Google Translate. V magistrskem delu se osredotočamo in raziskujemo predvsem uporabo sistemov umetne inteligence v policijskih postopkih in njen vpliv na posameznika in družbo. Sistemi umetne inteligence imajo pomemben potencial tudi za uporabo pri izvrševanju nalog in pooblastil organov kazenskega pregona, saj so sposobni v zelo kratkem času obdelati, primerjati in kategorizirati veliko količino razpoložljivih podatkov. Iz tega razloga so organi kazenskega pregona uporabo tehnologij, ki temeljijo na umetni inteligenci, že vključili v različne sfere svojega delovanja. Kljub priložnostim, ki jih uporaba sistemov umetne inteligence prinaša v policijskih postopkih, pa ti sistemi pomembno vplivajo tudi na številne človekove pravice in temeljne svoboščine ter procesnopravna jamstva v kazenskem postopku. Ker gre za relativno mlado tehnologijo v razvoju, v svetu na globalni ravni še ni sprejete enotne definicije sistemov umetne inteligence, prav tako pa tudi obstoječi regulativni okvir ne zadosti potrebam za varno in pravično uporabo teh sistemov. Zaradi specifike delovanja, ki je večini posameznikov nepoznana in nedoumljiva, številnih odprtih možnosti uporabe sistemov umetne inteligence v policijskih postopkih in čezmejnih vplivov uporabe sistemov umetne inteligence, je zato nujno, da mednarodna skupnost enotno pristopi k oblikovanju enotne definicije sistemov umetne inteligence in sprejetju ustreznega regulativnega okvira, ki bo zagotovil spoštovanje mednarodno in ustavno priznanih človekovih pravic.The use of artificial intelligence systems has been present in various spheres of an individual\u27s private and social life for several years, although we are often not even aware of its presence. Most people still relate the term artificial intelligence with robots that have human-like characteristics, but artificial intelligence is not only limited to applications in robotics. It is used by various applications that individuals encounter in their daily lives, such as unlocking a smartphone or PC with facial recognition, tagging people in a photo on social networks (such as Facebook) or the Google Translate application. In the master\u27s thesis, we focus and research mainly the use of artificial intelligence systems in police procedures and its impact on the individual and society. Artificial intelligence systems have significant potential for use in the work of law enforcement authorities, as they are able to process, compare and categorize a large amount of available data in a very short time. For this reason, law enforcement authorities have already incorporated the use of technologies based on artificial intelligence into various spheres of their operations. Despite the opportunities that the use of artificial intelligence systems brings in police procedures, these systems also have a significant impact on many human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as procedural guarantees in criminal proceedings. Since it is a relatively young technology in development, a single definition of artificial intelligence systems has not yet been adopted globally, and the existing regulatory framework does not meet the needs for the safe and fair use of these systems. Due to the specificity of the operation, which is unknown and incomprehensible to most individuals, the many open possibilities of using artificial intelligence systems in police procedures and the cross-border impacts of the use of artificial intelligence systems, it is therefore necessary for the international community to take a unified approach to the creation of a unified definition of artificial intelligence systems and the adoption of appropriate regulatory framework that will ensure respect for internationally and constitutionally recognized human rights