Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms from allergic rhinitis and common cold: An ARIA-EAACI-GA2LEN consensus
- Hagemann J.
- Onorato G. L.
- Jutel M.
- Akdis C. A.
- Agache I.
- Zuberbier T.
- Czarlewski W.
- Mullol J.
- Bedbrook A.
- Bachert C.
- Bennoor K. S.
- Bergmann K. -C.
- Braido F.
- Camargos P.
- Caraballo L.
- Cardona V.
- Casale T.
- Cecchi L.
- Chivato T.
- Chu D. K.
- Cingi C.
- Correia-de-Sousa J.
- del Giacco S.
- Dokic D.
- Dykewicz M.
- Ebisawa M.
- El-Gamal Y.
- Emuzyte R.
- Fauquert J. -L.
- Fiocchi A.
- Fokkens W. J.
- Fonseca J. A.
- Gemicioglu B.
- Gomez R. -M.
- Gotua M.
- Haahtela T.
- Hamelmann E.
- Iinuma T.
- Ivancevich J. C.
- Jassem E.
- Kalayci O.
- Kardas P.
- Khaitov M.
- Kuna P.
- Kvedariene V.
- Larenas-Linnemann D. E.
- Lipworth B.
- Makris M.
- Maspero J. F.
- Miculinic N.
- Mihaltan F.
- Mohammad Y.
- Montefort S.
- Morais-Almeida M.
- Mosges R.
- Naclerio R.
- Neffen H.
- Niedoszytko M.
- O'Hehir R. E.
- Ohta K.
- Okamoto Y.
- Okubo K.
- Panzner P.
- Papadopoulos N. G.
- Passalacqua G.
- Patella V.
- Pereira A.
- Pfaar O.
- Plavec D.
- Popov T. A.
- Prokopakis E. P.
- Puggioni F.
- Raciborski F.
- Reijula J.
- Regateiro F. S.
- Reitsma S.
- Romano A.
- Rosario N.
- Rottem M.
- Ryan D.
- Samolinski B.
- Sastre J.
- Sole D.
- Sova M.
- Stellato C.
- Suppli-Ulrik C.
- Tsiligianni I.
- Valero A.
- Valiulis A.
- Valovirta E.
- Vasankari T.
- Ventura M. T.
- Wallace D.
- Wang D. Y.
- Williams S.
- Yorgancioglu A.
- Yusuf O. M.
- Zernotti M.
- Bousquet J.
- Klimek L.
DOIAbstract
Background: Although there are many asymptomatic patients, one of the problems of COVID-19 is early recognition of the disease. COVID-19 symptoms are polymorphic and may include upper respiratory symptoms. However, COVID-19 symptoms may be mistaken with the common cold or allergic rhinitis. An ARIA-EAACI study group attempted to differentiate upper respiratory symptoms between the three diseases. Methods: A modified Delphi process was used. The ARIA members who were seeing COVID-19 patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire on the upper airway symptoms of COVID-19, common cold and allergic rhinitis. Results: Among the 192 ARIA members who were invited to respond to the questionnaire, 89 responded and 87 questionnaires were analysed. The...
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