LEADING BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION IN ESTABLISHED FIRMS

The aim of this dissertation is to explore how established firms innovate their business models, including the organizational and managerial underpinnings of such innovations. The dissertation focuses on the following research questions: l) "How do BMI processes unfold in established firms?" and 2) "How do managers and organizational design best support BMI processes?". I approach these questions by applying an understanding of business models as cognitive schemas and activity-based systems. The research design is based on an in-depth, embedded case study of a multinational corporation experiencing major business model transformation which includes BMI at different levels (both corporate and business unit). I investigate the process of developing different types ofBMI, including both modular, customer-oriented BMI, BMI in the form ofreplication to new markets and corporate-wide BMI. The findings are presented in three subsequent articles written together with co-authors. In Article I, we investigate the process of developing a modular BMI within the context of an established firm. The BMI in focus is a sustainable business model innovation (SBMI), and the specific research questions for this article addresses how managers, organizational processes and structure can support the development of SBMI processes. A framework consisting of microfoundations to support the SBMI process at the individual, interactional and structural level is developed. Further on, key phases of modular SBMI processes for established firms and their related microfoundations are discussed, as well as specific aspects of developing SBMI for established firms. Article 2 examines the continued relevance of business model replication as a strategy in a digital context. Characteristics of digital business models are discussed, and findings from an embedded case study on replication of digital business models is presented. The article suggests that digital business models require distinct replication strategies supported by a dynamic and l 2 flexible approach. It argues that replication in dynamic environments is a specific form of BMI, and that dynamic capabilities are key aspects of the replication approach in the case of digital business models. In Article 3, we explore the role of the top management team (TMT) in transforming business models at the corporate level. This study offers a process perspective that illustrates how digitalization can trigger a cognitive change with regards to the way the TMT identifies business model problems, searches for solutions, and introduces change. It argues that TMTs can accelerate business model transformation processes through building capabilities within business model problem-identification, -formulation, - recombination and -search. This dissertation contributes to the business model and the BMI literature by offering an enhanced understanding of how BMI processes unfold in established firms. It illustrates key activities and events both in the case of modular BMI processes and corporate level BMI processes, as well as how managers and organizational characteristics support BMI throughout the process