Collider phenomenology of new physics Beyond the Standard Model

On the one hand, the Standard Model has been established as the best description of the fundamental laws of nature. On the other hand, various phenomena remain unaddressed, motivating the study of Beyond the Standard Model theories along with future experimental concepts that can pinpoint the right direction forward. Looking into new physics from multiple perspectives, this thesis presents different phenomenological studies utilising both model-dependent and -independent approaches. A comparison of future experiments is presented within a simplified dark matter model, allowing the assessment of the constraints on the parameter space. In theories with extended scalar sectors, the capacity of cascade scalar decays in the potential discovery of new physics is showcased, taking advantage of the discriminative power of Neural Networks. The applicability of such Machine Learning techniques also extends to effective field theories leading to critically improved bounds on Wilson Coefficients attainable in the top sector. Finally, particular measurements from experiments related to CP violation in the gauge-Higgs sector and the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment are scrutinised within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory framework