Physico-geographical characteristics of the Chott Jerid Region

The article includes physico-geographical characteristics of the Chott Jerid which was selected for detailed studies presented in following articles. The analysed region is in southern Tunisia and lies within the Great Chotts region. Surface lithology is dominated by Quaternary clayey sediments of fluvial and lacustrine origin and aeolian sands. Crataceous and calcareous rocks can be found along margins of the chott. The climate can be described as very arid continental subtropical. Surface drainage and lakes appear only seasonally in lowest parts of the Chott Jerid and the water is rich in salt. Underground aquifers are very water efficient therefore there are many artesian or subartesian wells allowing for irrigation. Soils in the region belong to Aridisols and are rich in gypsum or calcite. Salt-rich soils dominate in the region. Natural vegetation is sparse (mainly shrubs and halophites) because of arid climate, lack of surface waters and salty soils. Dactyl palms dominate on irrigated land