Disentangling bulk from surface contributions in the electronic structure of black phosphorus

Most recently, black phosphorus has come into focus as a promising material for future applications in nanoelectronic devices due to its unique electronic and transport properties. Here, we use angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy in conjunction with ab initio calculations within the framework of density functional theory to disentangle surface from the bulk contributions in the electronic structure of black phosphorus. We find good agreement between our theoretical predictions for the intra and interlayer energy momentum dispersions and the experimentally obtained three dimensional band structure of this material. Our results provide compelling evidence for the existence of surface resonant states near the top of the valence band, which can play an important role in the performance of electronic devices based on black phosphoru