Anomalous magnetic structure and spin dynamics in magnetoelectric LiFePO4

We report significant details of the magnetic structure and spin dynamics of LiFePO4 obtained by single crystal neutron scattering. Our results confirm a previously reported collinear rotation of the spins away from the principal b axis, and they determine that the rotation is toward the a axis. In addition, we find a significant spin canting component along c. The possible causes of these components are discussed, and their significance for the magnetoelectric effect is analyzed. Inelastic neutron scattering along the three principal directions reveals a highly anisotropic hard plane consistent with earlier susceptibility measurements. Using a spin Hamiltonian, we show that the spin dimensionality is intermediate between XY and Ising like, with an easy b axis and a hard c axis. It is shown that both next nearest neighbor exchange couplings in the bc plane are in competition with the strongest nearest neighbor couplin