Wilson-Polchinski exact renormalization group equation for O(N) systems: Leading and next-to-leading orders in the derivative expansion

Dedicated to Lothar Schäfer on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Final versionNational audienceWith a view to study the convergence properties of the derivative expansion of the exact renormalization group (RG) equation, I explicitly study the leading and next-to-leading orders of this expansion applied to the Wilson-Polchinski equation in the case of the $N$-vector model with the symmetry $\mathrm{O}(N) $. As a test, the critical exponents $% \eta $ and $\nu $ as well as the subcritical exponent $\omega $ (and higher ones) are estimated in three dimensions for values of $N$ ranging from 1 to 20. I compare the results with the corresponding estimates obtained in preceding studies or treatments of other $\mathrm{O}(N) $ exact RG equations at second order. The possibility of varying $N$ allows to size up the derivative expansion method. The values obtained from the resummation of high orders of perturbative field theory are used as standards to illustrate the eventual convergence in each case. A peculiar attention is drawn on the preservation (or not) of the reparametrisation invariance