The Flow Generator Relations for Water Renewal through the Flushing Culverts in Marinas

An understanding of the relationship between the flow generators and harbor design could result in an acceptable seawater renewal into an enclosed basin. The flushing culverts located in the breakwater are the most cost-effective technique for improving water renewal in port engineering. The aim of the paper was to identify and quantify the relation between flow generators and culvert flow to propose an optimal position for the flushing culverts. Mentioned relations are important for designing and positioning the flushing culverts in marinas to achieve optimal sea exchange in the marina basin. Field measurements in the marina Opatija were performed and the data served for calibrating a 3D circulation model and a wave generation/propagation model. The absolute volume of the flow through the culverts caused by wind waves has the more important contribution to the water renewal in the marina basin than the coastal springs have. The optimal flow rates through the culverts are performed by positioning the flushing culvert axis at the mean sea level in accordance with the main incident direction of the propagating waves