Comparison of Wind Speeds from Spaceborne Microwave Radiometers with In Situ Observations and ECMWF Data over the Global Ocean

This study compares wind speeds derived from five satellite microwave radiometers with those directly observed by buoy-mounted anemometers and the global analyses produced by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model. Buoy comparisons yield wind speed root mean square errors of 0.82 m/s for WindSat, 1.45 m/s for SSMIS F16, 1.39 m/s for SSMIS F17, 1.43 m/s for AMSR-E, and 1.45 m/s for AMSR2. The overall mean bias for each satellite is typically <0.25 m/s when averaged over all selected buoys for a given study time. The satellite wind speeds are underestimated with respect to the buoy observations at a band of the tropical Pacific Ocean from −8°S to 4°N. The mean buoy–satellite difference as a function of year is always <0.4 m/s, except for SSMIS F16. The selected satellite wind speeds show an obvious seasonal characteristic at high latitudes. In comparison with the ECMWF data, some obviously positive differences exist at high southern latitudes in January and at high northern latitudes in July