Botulinum toxin (BoNT) has been used as a treatment for excessive muscle stiffness, spasticity, and dystonia. BoNT for approximately 40 years, and has recently been used to treat various types of neuropathic pain. The mechanism by which BoNT acts on neuropathic pain involves inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators and peripheral neurotransmitters from sensory nerves. Recent journals have demonstrated that BoNT is effective for neuropathic pain, such as postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, and peripheral neuralgia. The purpose of this review is to summarize the experimental and clinical evidence of the mechanism by which BoNT acts on various types of neuropathic pain and describe why BoNT can be applied as treatment. The Pu...
Current evidence suggests that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) A1 and B1, given locally into periphera...
Introduction: Botulinum toxin is one of the most powerful neurotoxins currently known, with high aff...
Therapeutic use of botulinum neurotoxins is well established and is continuously expanding. In clini...
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), derived from Clostridium botulinum, has been used therapeutically for f...
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), derived from Clostridium botulinum, has been used therapeutically for f...
Pain is a natural protective mechanism and has a warning function signaling imminent or actual tissu...
Pain is a natural protective mechanism and has a warning function signaling imminent or actual tissu...
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is widely used to treat muscle spasticity by acting on motor neurons. Recently...
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is widely used to treat muscle spasticity by acting on motor neurons. Recently...
The action of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) at the neuromuscular junction has been extensively inves...
AbstractChronic pain indicates a type of pain that lasts over time and is accompanied by diagnostic ...
Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A((R))) has been widely used in many clinical disorders including migrai...
Clinical use of neurotoxins from Clostridium botulinum is well established and is continuously expan...
Clinical use of neurotoxins from Clostridium botulinum is well established and is continuously expan...
Neuropathic pain includes postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN), and trige...
Current evidence suggests that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) A1 and B1, given locally into periphera...
Introduction: Botulinum toxin is one of the most powerful neurotoxins currently known, with high aff...
Therapeutic use of botulinum neurotoxins is well established and is continuously expanding. In clini...
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), derived from Clostridium botulinum, has been used therapeutically for f...
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), derived from Clostridium botulinum, has been used therapeutically for f...
Pain is a natural protective mechanism and has a warning function signaling imminent or actual tissu...
Pain is a natural protective mechanism and has a warning function signaling imminent or actual tissu...
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is widely used to treat muscle spasticity by acting on motor neurons. Recently...
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is widely used to treat muscle spasticity by acting on motor neurons. Recently...
The action of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) at the neuromuscular junction has been extensively inves...
AbstractChronic pain indicates a type of pain that lasts over time and is accompanied by diagnostic ...
Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A((R))) has been widely used in many clinical disorders including migrai...
Clinical use of neurotoxins from Clostridium botulinum is well established and is continuously expan...
Clinical use of neurotoxins from Clostridium botulinum is well established and is continuously expan...
Neuropathic pain includes postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN), and trige...
Current evidence suggests that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) A1 and B1, given locally into periphera...
Introduction: Botulinum toxin is one of the most powerful neurotoxins currently known, with high aff...
Therapeutic use of botulinum neurotoxins is well established and is continuously expanding. In clini...