Effect of blood culture reports on antibiotics use by physicians in septic patients of intensive care unit

Background: To limit the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance, adjustments in the antibiotic regimen should be done according to the results of blood cultures as soon as they are available. This study was planned to determine the effect of blood culture and sensitivity tests on the antibiotics use in ICU patients of a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: This chart review retrospective study was carried out in ICU patients of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The data was collected from patients’ medical record file in a case record form which included patient’s demographic details, provisional diagnosis/or diagnosis, blood culture reports, and antimicrobial treatment (both the empiric treatment as well as the change made after the release of the blood culture results). The effect of blood culture results on antibiotic treatment was analysed.Results: A total of 245 patients were subjected to blood culture during the period of 6 months with an average of 40.8/month. 86 (35.1%) patients showed positive blood culture results, while 159 (64.9%) patients showed negative blood culture results. 55 patients discharged after the release of blood culture and sensitivity results. Antibiotic regimens were modified or changed in 26 (47.27%), and in 29 (52.72%) there was no modification. Most commonly used antibiotic after blood culture reports were meropenem (34.62%) followed by 11.54% of each teicoplanin, piperacillin+ tazobactum and tigecyclin.Conclusions: Blood culture reports help in management of critically ill patients if bacteria are resistant to previously used antibiotic, but do not help in narrowing the therapy in ICU patients.