Improved Multi-hop Pro-active Hand-off for Cognitive Radio Network

Wireless spectrum is currently regulated by governmental agencies and is assigned to license holders or services on a long-term basis over vast geographical regions. The new area of research foresees the development of cognitive radio networks to further improve spectrum efficiency. In the proposed framework, Channel-Switching policies and a proactive spectrum handoff protocol are proposed to let unlicensed users vacate a channel before a licensed user utilizes it to avoid unwanted interference. In our base paper the main focus has been on spectrum mobility, but the effects of mobile users across multiple cells are not considered. In this paper the results of the base paper are compared with a mobile user and handoff. The simulation is done using NS2 and analysis by using Mat Lab; the results show fewer disruptions to primary transmissions by letting SUs proactively predict the future spectrum availability