البلاغة والنقد في المهد – قديما: RHETORIC AND CRITICISM IN THE CRADLE – ANCIENT

The rhetoric among the Arabs was old, its manifestations were clear in their words of poetry and prose, But rhetorical terms were unknown at that time. The criticism among the Arabs also existed, but its rules and origins were not recorded. Arabic criticism arose alongside Arabic rhetoric side by side. Arabic rhetoric was an aesthetic art and Arabic criticism was a judgment and appreciation for this art. In the pre-Islamic era, Arab poets were presenting their poetry in two literary environments. The first: the environment of literary councils, the second: the environment of literary markets. Their poetry was characterized by the quality of meanings and the power of compositions and eloquence, it was judged by the person who comes with the rhetorical critical observations based on innate taste. These literary environments were the cradle of criticism and rhetoric, and an essential source for the identification of these arts. Therefore, the selection of this study came with a topic entitled by: rhetoric and criticism in the cradle – old. The aim of this study is to try to detect a correlation between criticism and rhetoric. to identify the literary environments in the pre-Islamic era in addition to their role in rhetoric and criticism, to discribe the rhetorical critical notes on poetry.&nbsp