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Although sex researchers use the same methodology as other social scientists, they are constrained by ethical concerns and taboos which are not experienced in other fields. Because of the taboos surrounding sexuality, some traditional research methods are inappropriate. However, sex research, like most social science researches, uses scientific methodological approaches such as survey research (questionnaires and interviews), observational research, experimental research, clinical research and case studies. Ethical issues are especially important in sexuality which is a subject loaded with emotional and moral values. Methodological concern, regarding sampling techniques and their accuracy, is the other important issue. Without a representative sample, the conclusions drawn by these methodologies are limited. Furthermore, sex research is important on both social and personal level. Human sexuality is inherently linked to many of the most important social concerns in the world today. Many public health crises, including sexually transmitted infections, family planning, sexual assault and adolescent pregnancy, are related to human sexuality and to the contribution of sexual attitude, religion and values to these issues. Sex researches may constitute a basis for improved health care, effective social policies, and improvements in public perception. This article reviews methods for sexuality research and their advantages and disadvantages in a historical perspective. Our article aimed to provide valuable information and to encourage the scientists who are interested in sexuality research. (Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2009; 46: 102-9