The effects of kefi r, koumiss, yogurt and commercial probiotic formulations on PPAR a and PPAR- b / d expressions in mouse kidney

Commercial probiotic capsules that contain probiotic bacteria, kefir, koumiss and yogurt contain beneficial microorganisms that affect cholesterol levels and immune response, and are used for treatment of some diseases. We investigated using immunohistochemistry the effects of kefir, koumiss, yogurt and a commercial probiotic formulation on the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-Activated receptor-? (PPAR?) and peroxisome proliferator-Activated receptor-?/? (PPAR-?/?), which are members of the nuclear steroid hormone receptor superfamily in mouse kidney. Mice were assigned to five groups: group 1, commercial probiotic capsules; group 2, kefir; group 3, koumiss; group 4, yogurt; group 5, control. After oral administration for 15 days, body weights were recorded and kidney tissue samples were obtained. Hematoxylin & eosin staining and the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method were applied to tissue sections to examine histology and to determine the localization of PPAR? and PPAR-?/? in the kidneys. We found that the weights of the mice in the kefir, koumiss, yogurt and commercial probiotic capsules groups were increased compared to controls. No differences in kidney histology were observed in any of the experimental groups. Kefir, koumiss, yogurt and the commercial probiotic preparation increased PPAR? and PPAR-?/? expressions. © 2014 The Biological Stain Commission.This Project was supported by the Commission for the Scientific Research Projects of Kafkas University, project number 2012-VF-5 Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper